What Is Gender Socialization Definition and Examples

Gender socialization is the process by which we learn our cultures gender-related rules, norms, and expectations. The most common agents of gender socialization—in other words, the people who influence the process—are parents, teachers, schools, and the media. Through gender socialization, children begin to develop their own beliefs about gender and ultimately form their own gender identity. Sex vs. Gender The terms sex and gender are often used interchangeably. However, in a discussion of gender socialization, it’s important to distinguish between the two.Sex is biologically and physiologically determined based on an individuals anatomy at birth. It is typically binary, meaning that ones sex is either male or female.Gender is a social construct. An individuals gender is their social identity resulting from their cultures conceptions of masculinity and femininity. Gender exists on a continuum.Individuals develop their own gender identity, influenced in part by the process of gender socialization. Gender Socialization in Childhood The process of gender socialization begins early in life.  Children develop an understanding of gender categories at a young age. Studies have shown that children can discern male voices from female voices at six months old, and can differentiate between men and women in photographs at nine months old. Between 11 and 14 months, children develop the ability to associate sight and sound, matching male and female voices with photographs of men and women. By age three, children have formed their own gender identity. They have also begun to learn their culture’s gender norms, including which toys, activities, behaviors, and attitudes are associated with each gender. Because gender categorization is a significant part of a childs social development, children tend to be especially attentive to same-gender models. When a child observes same-gender models consistently exhibit specific behaviors that differ from the behaviors of other-gender models, the child is more likely to exhibit the behaviors learned from the same-gender models. These models include parents, peers, teachers, and figures in the media. Children’s knowledge of gender roles and stereotypes can impact their attitudes towards their own and other genders. Young children, in particular, may become especially rigid about what boys and girls can and cannot do. This either-or thinking about gender reaches its peak between the ages of 5 and 7 and then becomes more flexible. Agents of Gender Socialization As children, we develop gender-related beliefs and expectations through our observations of and interactions with the people around us. An agent of gender socialization is any person or group that plays a role in the childhood gender socialization process. The four primary agents of gender socialization are parents, teachers, peers, and the media. Parents Parents are typically a child’s first source of information about gender. Starting at birth, parents communicate different expectations to their children depending on their sex. For example, a son may engage in more roughhousing with his father, while a mother takes her daughter shopping. The child may learn from their parents that certain activities or toys correspond with a particular gender (think of a family that gives their son a truck and their daughter a doll). Even parents who emphasize gender equality may inadvertently reinforce some stereotypes due to their own gender socialization. Teachers Teachers and school administrators model gender roles and sometimes demonstrate gender stereotypes by responding to male and female students in different ways. For example, separating students by gender for activities or disciplining students differently depending on their gender may reinforce children’s developing beliefs and assumptions. Peers Peer interactions also contribute to gender socialization. Children tend to play with same-gender peers. Through these interactions, they learn what their peers expect of them as boys or girls. These lessons may be direct, such as when a peer tells the child that a certain behavior is or is not appropriate for their gender. They can also be indirect, as the child observes same- and other-gendered peers behavior over time. These comments and comparisons may become less overt over time, but adults continue to turn to same-gendered peers for information about how they are supposed to look and act as a man or a woman.   Media Media, including movies, TV, and books, teaches children about what it means to be a boy or a girl. Media conveys information about the role of gender in people’s lives and can reinforce gender stereotypes. For example, consider an animated film that depicts two female characters: a beautiful but passive heroine, and an ugly but active villain. This media model, and countless others, reinforces ideas about which behaviors are acceptable and valued (and which are not) for a particular gender. Gender Socialization Throughout Life Gender socialization is a lifelong process. The beliefs about gender that we acquire in childhood can affect us throughout our lives. The impact of this socialization can be big (shaping what we believe we are capable of accomplishing and thus potentially determining our lifes course), small (influencing the color we choose for our bedroom walls), or somewhere in the middle. As adults, our beliefs about gender may grow more nuanced and flexible, but gender socialization can still affect our behavior, whether in school, the workplace, or our relationships. Sources Bussey, Kay, and Albert Bandura. â€Å"Social Cognitive Theory of Gender Development and Differentiation.† Psychological Review, vol. 106, no. 4, 1999, pp. 676-713.â€Å"Gender: Early Socialization: Sythesis.† Encyclopedia of Early Childhood Development, Aug. 2014, http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/gender-early-socialization/synthesisMartin, Carol Lynn, and Diane Ruble. â€Å"Children’s Search for Gender Cues: Cognitive Perspectives on Gender Development.† Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol, 13, no. 2, 2004, pp. 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00276.xMcSorley, Brittany. â€Å"Gender Socialization.† Udemy, 12 May 2014, https://blog.udemy.com/gender-socialization/

Essay On Social Media - 1286 Words

Shrestha Sangam Shrestha GOVT 2305 Prof. 1 Sherry Sharifian 10/29/2017 Social Media and the USA Presidency Social media is defined as a form electronic communication through which people use to share information, messages, ideas, views, videos. Close Panel Suspected Entry: 70% match Uploaded - government hw2.docx Sherry Sharifian 10/29/2017 Social Media and the USA Presidency Social media is defined as a form electronic communication through which people use to share information, messages, ideas, views, videos Source - Another student s paper: Author: Lahana Maharjan; Submitted: Wed, Oct 25 2017, 11:52 PM; Filename: SLO2.docx James Duran 10/25/2017 SLO 2 Social media and the USA presidency Social media is a form of electronic†¦show more content†¦1 So, the elected leaders for the police department should be given trainings to use the social media properly. According to the National conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) NCSL spokesman Mick Bullock, the elected officials should be careful in this age of instant communication as something we put out right now can be worldwide is a matter if second. Ellen smith, press secretary for the Jacksonville, Florida Sheriff’s Office give advice that â€Å"these tools that can be very powerful from our smartphone and take a breadth of a person.† According to social media marketing firm and teaches crisis communications and social media law runner Gilmore, Glen, the authorized member who run the government or elected leaders account should know and pay attention before posting anything on the social media. 4 Also, Bullock stated that Government agencies and elected leaders needs to be very careful about who is authorized to do the posting. So, trainings should be given to the authorized user to use the social media. Otherwise, their single tweet can harm the elected leader also to their government (The PEW Charitable Trusts). We know that the president of the USA, Donald Trump is active on the social media and giving his administration information to the people. He is the 45th president of the US. By looking his social media, we can see he utilize it to give the information about economy, environment, guns and so on. 1 On October 21,Show MoreRelatedEssay On Social Media971 Words   |  4 PagesIn the World, today social media controls everything. Social media includes blogs, social games, chat apps, and photo sharing apps. â€Å"around 60 percent of the population has at least one social account† (Gordon). The generation of millennials have more than one social media account and are always on their phones checking those sites multiple times a day. In this essay, I will be giving more information about three different social sites, the features, capabilities, how to use them, and privacy settingsRead MoreSocial Media And Media Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesSocial media has existed for about 10 yea rs and is a huge form of communication today. Social media allows for an easy and direct way to connect with people all around the world, while never leaving the comfort of your own home. While most people use social media, it has been discovered that social media can be affected by gender. There have been studies conducted to discover if females use it more than males or if gender affects someones personality on social media. Men and women both use socialRead MoreSocial Commentary Essay On Social Media739 Words   |  3 PagesLyanna Gatdula Mr. D’Aquila ENG 1DP 16 Oct 2017 Social Commentary Essay Social media platforms continue to be an online distraction and it increases communication barriers on people’s lives. It has a positive effect on young minds and a negative effect. The tv series Black Mirror Season 3 Episode 1 â€Å"Nose-Dive† is an internet-based population where people rate you using their cellular devices and live a non-genuine life so that the population will like you and they will give you an acceptable ratingRead MoreSocial Media Essay647 Words   |  3 PagesSocial The popularity of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, and YouTube have taken over the world in many ways that nobody would ever guess. These sites lets users to make profiles automatically where they can communicate with friends, families, and strangers through pictures, blogs, music, links and many other ways. As social networking sites become more important to society, some people agrees that these online sites are causing society a great trouble, especially theRead MoreSocial Media Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesmarketing, and it’s no other than social media that we all learned to love. It’s quite fascinating that in the early 2000’s social media wasn’t even invented; yet statistics show that Facebook has accumulated users surpassing the entire population of the United States. The acceleration of growth and progress in social media just gives us a glimpse of its maximum potential on how it will revolutionize and transform marketing. Before we further discuss the subject of social media, one must first know itsRead MoreEssay On Social Media1711 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Social media is defined as â€Å"websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.† (according to Google and oxford dictionary) This means that websites such as Gmail are also social media websites as well the more social media sites like Snapchat or Instagram. Social media websites have exploded in popularity over the last ten years due to advances in mobile phone technology and all this new technology allows us to connect and haveRead MoreEssay On Social Media1382 Words   |  6 Pageswhat is social media actually? Social media takes apart in the internet which is just a jumbled mess of networks. Social media consists of apps and websites all built on an electronic device whether a computer or a phone. Now social media makes it easy to communicate and be able to talk to others anywhere with a mobile connection. Also, it gives out new job roles and you can create accounts on sites to further put your life all over the internet. Not many people think of this, but we use social mediaRead MoreEssay On Social Media1029 Words   |  5 PagesOur society is being bombarded with social issues whether they are real or has been modified to fit the profile of the writer. How has the world of social media changed our views for better or for worse? Can our society recover and modify its viewpoints to show the reality of our world or are we going to keep going down this ideal view of what we perceive others should see? I have seen firsthand how something as simple as a viewpoint posted on social media has permanently changed someone’s life andRead MoreEssay On Social Media883 Words   |  4 Pagesavailable to everyone, the comments will contain bias and not accurate. The title of the page is â€Å"How the social media shaping teenagers’ communication skills†, the comments should be around 200 words about their experience of social media and how the use of social media affect their c ommunication with others. It is a good platform to let teenagers to express their perspectives toward social media, the opinions are important in my research. Therefore, for attracting people I will offer $10 StarbucksRead MoreSocial Media Essay892 Words   |  4 Pagesby customer. The solution of this problem is introducing a good social media to company where all employers and staffs will be connected, communication between them will be faster and work completes without delay. Therefore, we will like to recommend you Facebook as best social media for communication for business purpose. Summary and Evaluation Summary: There are various requirements of the business that suggested social media need to follow. The first one is it should send the message to the

New World free essay sample

Beginning with the voyages of Columbus and other explorers, the encounter of the Americas would soon lead to the start of increased trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas. This immense trade changed the Atlantic Ocean from a predominantly unclaimed vast ocean into part of the growing maritime empires, booming with trade. As the region progressed, economic, political, and social changes occurred rapidly due to the emergence of the Triangular Trade Route and the Trans- Atlantic Slave Trade.By the late sass, the increased participation in these trade routes allowed a multitude of modesties to reach the Atlantic World, permitting Europeans to construct big maritime empires and constantly serve as the dominant countries in trade and land. As the values and institutions of European lifestyles became planted firmly in the colonization of the Americas and the slave trade thrived, a new multicultural social system emerged based on race and origin. The pre- Columbian Era consisted of scarce interaction benzene the Old World and the Americas, who were relatively isolated from the global trade. We will write a custom essay sample on New World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A series of thriving trading empires, such as Ghana, Mali, and Shanghai created herring cities in Northern and Central Africa. Africa, composed mainly of a tribe system was under the influence of animistic practices. The general essence of Africa was relatively calm, compared to what later decisions would create. In the Americas, Native Americans taking residence there had a set polytheistic religion and system that held rulers and priests at a high social status and farmers and slaves at the lowest.The incredible domains of the Inca and Aztec showed great feats of engineering and technology, including Denominational, chinas, and a road system, much like the road system the earlier Persians used. With many regional tribes located there, the Americas were content in their own sphere of unknown exploration. Across the Atlantic were Africa and a very motivated Europe. Under a system of feudalism, Western Europeans had just come out of the Middle Ages. In Spain, the Spanish monarchy had just cleared the final Muslim residents out of Europe.Due to recent contact with Asian goods during the Crusades, Europeans began searching for a way to receive those luxuries without having to trade through the Muslim Ottoman Turks. The Portuguese spear- headed he Age of Exploration with intentions of finding a direct route to Asia. Following in pursuit, Spain sent Columbus to find the Indies, but instead encountered the Caribbean in 1492. The Spanish, and other explorers to come, would be surprised and astonished from their discovery.Europeans were under the impression beyond the ocean to the West was Asia, when in fact between the two was the hidden continent of the Americas. Columbus finding of the Americas, although he didnt know at the time, marked the beginning of what was to become a truly global trade network. The Spanish and the Portuguese served as the first to colonize the New World, however having a range of consequences. Upon meeting the Europeans on the shores of their land, the natives, minimized to the disease smallpox, decreased greatly in number. Along with disease and exploited enemies, superior weapons served as trouble for the Aztec and Inca empires. Through conquest, the Spanish and the Portuguese began renovating the land with cash crops. The Columbian Exchange soon interlocked the Americas and Europe; horses, cattle and manufactured products were exported from Europe, while tobacco, sugar, and other New World crops were exported out of the Americas. The New World Crops would have a profound effect on Old World countries; European and African populations increased, as well as the demand for such goods.The encomia system, as well as a new social system developed where those from pure Spanish origin ranked at the top, while the conquered natives remained at a low status. With many of the Aztec, Inca, and additional native cultures disrupted and prohibited, the religion Of many Of the conquered natives transitioned from a polytheistic life system to Christianity. The natives of South America upon coming into contact with th e European conquistadors heavily declined in population as a result of disease and conquest. One priest, Bartholomew De Lass Cases called for change; he felt the encomia system exploited the natives and Europeans should use Africans instead, who were better equipped to handle the work. As the Native population dramatically fell, Europeans started looking elsewhere for labor on new plantations- what they found as a solution would greatly change trade and society. In the mid- 16005, coastal Portuguese trade ports on the coast of Africa generated a forced migration of over 15 million slaves to Brazil or plantations in the Caribbean.Slaves became the predominant export of Africa to the Americas, and with the surplus of labor, the sugar plantations in the Caribbean thrived, enriching many European powers. There became an emergence of the European middle class in the Old World composed of merchants, traders, and artisans. Lords who needed money to buy goods would accept it from peasants, allowing them to pay their lords with money rather than labor. Thus, the traditional feudal sy stem declined and social mobility increased. Along with decline of feudalism, the thriving Triangular Trade Route brought forth the Commercial Revolution. New methods of business were introduced and the rising middle class began forming into organizations- partnerships, joint stock companies, banking, and insurance companies. Capitalism emerged in the Western World, and Europe was growing from a basic cluster of countries and towns to an inter-dependent complex society, while the Americas and Africa were becoming renovated. With the addition Of slaves, the social system Of the Americas became even more complex.Along with the natives, slaves were placed at a low status. Mostly men, and women, were taken from their African cities and in return, rising African tribes received weapons. The violence occurring in Africa counter- acted the earlier period of prosperous trade. The earlier African social system was undermined, and many cities became dependent on the slave trade. Europeans, such as the Spanish, dominated social classes in Africa and the Americas. The diversity created by the multi- ultra/ ethnic change omitted another addition to the social system.Those from mixed European/ African or European/ native descent, known as mulattoes or messiest, held a higher social status than those of pure native or African origin. The new social hierarchy of the Spaniards became directly responsible for the restrictions of freedom based on ethnicity and descent. What began as a search for an alternative route to Asia resulted in some of the greatest turning points in history. The incorporation of the Americas into global interaction made an obvious difference; growing empires expanded room land domains to maritime empires. Spain was able to dominate many of those affairs and influence a whole new sphere of people. While they were to dominate for the time being, the world around them was transforming in their benefit. The amount of cultural diffusion was inevitable. The Atlantic World trade routes served as a path for Europeans to advance ahead of many other civilizations, playing out later as what made many of those civilizations take devastating defeats.

Recommendations for Organisational Goals for Mergers

There are recommendations for a company who wants to have a united organisational goal when merging with another company, especially among United Kingdom organizations (Grayson, 2011). The recommendations are as follows:Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Recommendations for Organisational Goals for Mergers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organizational goals must focus on engaging in the same market segment. There is better synergy if the merging entities are engaged in the same line of business. Charles Bankes (2006) emphasized the merger’s organizational goals must focus on ensuring a successful and smooth chemistry among the officers and staff of the subsidiaries of the merger entities. Businesses are entered into to accomplish the merged company’s goals and objectives, not to compete with the goals and objectives of the other entities joining the merger. Roger Clarke (2006) reiterated the merger goals should focus on increasing the company size, literally. This lessens competitor size. A successful merger goal ensures that the major services offered to each member entity in the merger is sacrificed, reduced, or eliminated to increase accomplishment of the newly merged entity’s goals and objectives. Neil Rollings (2007) opined the merger goal must ensure a smooth synergy among all the entities joining the merger in terms of organisational goals and objectives. For example, a merger between H21, a health care organisation, and another organisation, Claimar Company, includes the installing of propping up of the current H21 finance director as one of the new merged company’s headquarters officers. In addition, Raguvaran was appointed the chief executive officer of the newly merged organization, the offshoot of the merger between Claimar and H21. The merger goal should harness the synergistic powers of each member entity to increase it business dealings in o rder to meet the merged company’s bigger goal of filling the needs of the bigger market segment. One entity may have the best marketing strategy. Another entity may have the best quality product. A third entity may have the best supply chain organisation. The merger goal should focus on enhancing the merger companies’ current business technology processes. The business processes include increase its high technology processed, human resource maximization (choosing the best and the brightest people accomplish the merged company’s goals and objectives). The successful merger goal focuses on the synergy of the individual merger company’s individual strengths to ensure quicker and better accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives. The synergy should include a synergy of the each merging company’s individuality, investment, ambition, integrity, empowerment, and improvement capacities. Brian Rutherford (2007) theorized the successful merger goa l will focus on combining the expertise of each line and staff personnel within the newly merged organisation to ensure faster and better accomplishment of the merged company’s new goals and objectives. The goals and objectives include. Specifically, the senior and middle level managers of the new merger company must visit all the branches and subsidiaries to explain the importance of each individual’s contribution to the accomplishment of the new merger company’s mission vision, values, activities, and future plans. The successful merger goal will include having a new identity. All member entities must focus on contributing one’s share to accomplishment of the merged company’s organizational goals. For a start, each member entity must implement the new organisation’s new identification card, new sets of uniforms, new badges, and a new merger website. The successful merger goal will maximize the new merged company’s combined expertise to increase the current merged organization’s currently combined profits. All the entities of the merger entities must have a similar goal of having a point of view and communicate their suggestions, comments, recommendations, and misgivings with the entities joining the merger in order to thresh out and resolve any conflicts among the merger entities. The new officers of the surviving merger company must immediately meet to set both short term and long term organizational goals. For example, the new officers will vote on prioritising goals and objectives in the newly merged company’s new charted course. The new organizational goal must ensure the line and staff personnel learn to adjust to the new but bigger merger company’s objectives and goals. The new merger organisation’s goal must ensure the line and staff personnel accept the successes or accomplishment of the other entities joining the merger, and not compete or become jealous of the other merger entities. The quote â€Å"united we stand, divided we fall† snugly describes this paragraph. Each merger entity’s goal is to incorporate the ethical standards in the setting and accomplishment of the newly merged entity’s goals and objectives. Ethics focuses on morality of engaging in any business activity. the new organisation’s goal is to eliminate the unhealthy competition and comparison of the successes and failures of each entity joining the mergers in order to remove animosity, envy, and frustration from each merging entity’s line and staff personnel having lesser profits and other successes in life. Lastly, the organisation’s goal must include each merger entity’s line and staff personnel remembers and implements the individual entity’s successful passions implemented prior to the merger with the aim of accomplishing the new organisation’s goals and objectives. References Bankes, C. (2006) U.K. Merger Control. L ondon, LexisNexis Press. Clarke, R. (2006) New Developments in UK and EU Competition Policy. London,  Edward Elgar Press. Grayson, D. (2011) An Unusual Merger. StandardSocial Innovation Review. London,  Leland Stanford University Press. Rollings, N. (2007) British Business. London, Cambridge University Press. Rutherford, B. (2007) Financial Reporting in the United Kingdom. London, Taylor   Francis Press. This article on Recommendations for Organisational Goals for Mergers was written and submitted by user Cap'n Oz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.